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IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


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Hiotographic 

Sciences 

Cbrporation 


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23  WEST  MAIN  STREE'i 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  14580 

(716)  872-4503 


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CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHM/ICIVIH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  Microreproductions  /  Institut  Canadian  de  microreproductions  historiques 


Technical  and  Bibliographic  Notas/Notes  techniques  et  bibllographiques 


Th 
to 


The  Institute  has  attempted  to  obtain  the  best 
original  copy  available  for  filming.  Features  of  thir 
copy  which  may  be  bibliographically  unique, 
which  may  altar  any  of  the  imagos  in  the 
reproduction,  or  which  may  significantly  change 
the  usual  method  of  filming,  are  checked  below. 


0 


D 


D 
D 


D 


0 


Coloured  covers/ 
Couverture  de  couleur 


I      I    Covers  damaged/ 


Couverture  endommagie 


Covers  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Couvoriure  restaurie  et/ou  pelliculde 


I      I    Cover  title  missing/ 


Le  titre  de  couverture  manque 


□    Coloured  maps/ 
Cartes  gAographiques  en  couleur 

□    Coloured  ink  (i.e.  other  than  blue  or  black)/ 
Encre  de  couleur  (i.e.  autre  que  bleue  ou  noire) 

I      I    Coloured  plates  and/or  illustrations/ 


Planches  et/ou  illustrations  en  couleur 


Bound  with  other  material/ 
Relii  avec  d'autres  documents 


Tight  binding  may  cause  shadows  or  distortion 
along  interior  margin/ 

La  re  liure  serree  peut  causer  de  I'ombre  ou  de  la 
distorsion  le  long  de  la  marge  intirieure 

Blank  leaves  added  during  restoration  may 
appear  within  the  text.  Whenever  possible,  these 
have  been  omitted  from  filming/ 
II  se  peut  que  certaines  pages  blanches  ajout^es 
lors  dune  restauration  apparaissent  dans  le  texte, 
mais,  lorsque  cela  6tait  possible,  ces  pages  n'ont 
pas  ixi  film^es. 


L'lnstit^jt  a  microfilm*  le  meilieur  exemplaire 
qu'il  lui  a  iti  possible  de  se  procurer.  Les  details 
de  cet  exemplaire  qui  sont  peut-Atre  uniques  du 
point  de  vue  bibliographique,  qui  peuvent  modifier 
une  image  reproduite,  ou  qui  peuvent  exiger  une 
modification  dans  la  m^thoda  normale  de  filmage 
sont  indiqute  ci-dessous. 

□    Coloured  ptiges/ 
Pages  de  couleur 

□    Pages  damaged/ 
Pages  endommagies 

p~~|    Pages  restored  and/or  laminated/ 


Pages  restauries  et/ou  peliiculies 

Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxei 
Pages  ddcolordes,  tacheties  ou  piquees 

Pages  detached/ 
Pages  ditachees 

Showthrough/ 
Transparence 

Quality  of  pr^r 

Quality  inigale  de  {'impression 

Includes  supplementary  materii 
Comprend  du  materiel  suppl^mentaire 

Only  edition  available/ 
Seule  ddi:ion  disponible 


E  Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxed/ 

I      I  Pages  detached/ 

r^  Showthrough/ 

|~~|  Quality  of  pr^nt  varies/ 

|~~|  Includes  supplementary  material/ 

pn  Only  edition  available/ 


n 


Pages  wholly  or  partially  obscured  by  errata 
slips,  tissues,  etc..  have  been  refilmed  to 
ensure  the  best  possible  image/ 
Les  pages  totaiement  ou  partiellement 
obscurcies  par  un  feuillet  d'errata,  une  pelure, 
etc.,  cnt  6t6  fiimies  A  nouveau  de  facon  i 
obtenir  la  meilleure  image  possible. 


Th 
pa 
of 
fill 


Or 
be 
thi 
sic 

oti 
fin 
sic 
or 


Th 
sh 
Til 
wi 

Mi 
dif 
en 
be 

rig 
rec 
mc 


Additional  comments:/ 
Commentaires  suppJAmentaires; 


The  map  is  a  photoreproduction. 


This  item  is  filmed  at  the  reduction  ratio  checked  below/ 

Ce  document  est  film*  au  taux  de  reduction  indiqui  ci-dessous. 

tOX  14X  18X  22X 


26X 


30X 


y 


12X 


16X 


20X 


a4x 


28X 


32X 


The  copy  filmed  here  has  been  reproduced  thanks 
to  the  generosity  of: 

Library  of  the  Pubiic 
Archives  of  Canada 


L'exemplaire  filmA  fut  reproduit  grAce  k  la 
gAn^rositA  de: 

La  bibliothique  des  Archives 
pubiiques  du  Canada 


The  iiviages  appearing  here  are  the  best  quality 
possible  considering  the  condition  and  legibility 
of  the  original  copy  and  in  iteeping  with  the 
filming  contract  specifications. 


Original  copies  in  printed  paper  covers  are  filmed 
beginning  with  the  front  cover  and  ending  on 
the  last  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, or  the  baci(  cover  when  appropriate.  All 
other  original  copies  are  filmed  lieginning  on  the 
first  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, and  ending  on  the  last  page  with  a  printed 
or  illustrated  impression. 


The  last  recorded  frame  on  each  microfiche 
shall  confin  the  symbol  — ^»  (meaning  "CON- 
TINUED"), or  the  symbol  y  (meaning  "END"), 
whichever  applies. 


Les  images  suivsntes  ont  AtA  reproduites  avac  la 
plus  grand  soin,  compte  tenu  de  la  condition  at 
de  la  nettetA  de  l'exemplaire  film*,  et  en 
conformity  avec  les  conditions  du  contrat  de 
fiimage. 

Les  exemplairas  originaux  dont  la  couverture  en 
papier  est  imprimAe  sont  filmte  en  commen^ant 
par  la  premier  plat  et  en  terminant  solt  par  la 
derniAre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration,  soit  par  le  second 
plat,  salon  le  cas.  Tous  les  autres  exemplairas 
originaux  sont  filmte  en  commandant  par  la 
premidre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration  et  on  terminant  par 
la  derniAre  page  qui  comporte  une  telle 
empreinte. 

Un  des  symboles  suivants  apparaTtra  sur  la 
dernlAre  image  de  cheque  microfiche,  selon  le 
cm:  le  symbols  — ►  signifie  "A  SUIVRE",  i« 
symbols  V  signifie  "FIN". 


Maps,  plates,  charts,  etc.,  may  be  filmed  at 
different  reduction  ratios.  Those  too  large  to  be 
entirely  included  in  one  exposure  are  filmed 
beginning  in  the  upper  left  hand  corner,  left  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  as  many  frames  as 
required.  The  following  diagrams  illustrate  the 
method: 


Les  cartes,  planches,  tableaux,  etc..  peuvent  Atre 
filmAs  i  des  tanx  de  reduction  diff Arents. 
Lorsque  le  document  est  trop  grand  pour  Atre 
reproduit  en  un  aeul  clichA,  11  est  filmA  A  partir 
de  I'angle  supArieur  gauche,  de  gauche  A  droite, 
et  de  haut  en  bas,  en  prenant  le  nombre 
d'images  nAcessaire.  Les  diagrammes  suivants 
illustrent  la  mAthode. 


1  2  3 


1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

-'^■"ii 


m. 


( 


H. 


■*-■-"« 


I 


m 


TABULAR    REPRESENTATION 


or   THE 


PRESENT 


CONDITION  OF  BOSTON, 


IN  BEIJLTION  TO 


RAILROAD  FACIHTIES,  POREiaX  COMMERCE,  POPULATION,  WEALTH, 
MANUFACTURES,  ETC.,  ETC. 


ALSO,  A  PEW  STATEMENTS  RELATIVE  TO  THE 


COMMERCE    OF    THE    CANADAS. 


U^ 


<•!, 


,1' :  .:H: 


I'       ■-    '»     V  ..  J   ..< 


Wr 


"     ■fTA' 


TABULAR  R     HESENTATION 


or  Tin; 


PRESENT 

CONDITION  OF  BOSTON 


IN   nniATION   TO 


RAILROAD   FACILITIES,  FOREIGN  COMMERCE,  POPULATION,  WEALTH, 

MANUFACTURES,    ETC.,   ETC. 


ALSO,   A   FEW   STATEMENTS   RELATIVE   TO   THE 


COMMERCE  or  THE  CANADAS. 

PREPARED  FHOM  THE  MOST  RELIABLK  SOURCES,  UNDER  THE  DIRECTION  OF  A  SUB^-'OMMI'I'TEE 

FROM  THE  JOINT  SPECIAL  COMMITTEE  ON  THE  RAILROAD  CELEBRATION,  TO  TAKE 

PLACE  SEITEMnKR  ITiIi,  IRlli,  ANP  lOlh,  IS'il  ;  WITH  A  MAP. 


1^     I1B®§T©N1IA      Slf 


BOSTON: 
1851. 

.r.  ir.  EASTmiRN.  ctty  prtnter. 


IMIEi^CE. 


The  following  statistics  have  been  compiled  with  as  much 
care  and  accuracy  as  the  limited  time  allowed  would  admit. 
Even  when  not  obtained  from  official  sources,  they  are  be- 
lieved to  be  nearly,  if  not  perfectly,  correct. 

As  in  some  instances,  it  is  designed  to  show  the  advanta- 
ges possessed  by  Boston,  as  compared  with  those  of  other 
cities,  great  pains  has  been  taken  to  make  it  as  impartial  as 
possible,  and  to  give  to  those  cities  the  benefit  of  prospective 
improvements  in  the  way  of  shortening  their  lines  of  commu- 
nication with  the  Canadas  and  the  West. 

Much  labor  has  been  bestowed  upon  the  accompanying 
map,  to  make  it  as  accurate  as  the  best  available  sources  of 
information  would  admit.  No  doubt  errors  and  omissions 
may  be  found  on  it ;  but  it  is  believed  they  are  not  of  a  char- 
acter to  affect  its  general  correctness,  or  usefulness,  for  the 
purposes  of  the  present  celebration. 

Free  use  has  been  made  of  an  article  on  "  Boston  as  a 
Commercial  Metropolis  in  1850,"  by  E.  H.  Derby,  Esq.,  and 
originally  published  in  Hunt's  Merchants  Magazine  for  No- 
vember, 1850. 

At  the  close  of  the  pamphlet,  important  conclusions  are 
drawn  from  the  facts  it  contains,  and  to  these  conclusions, 
with  accompanying  summary  statements,  it  is  hoped  by  the 
Committee,  that  special  attention  will  be  directed. 

E.  S.  CHESBROUGH,  City  Engineer. 

Boston,  Nepttmhcr  \7th,  1851. 


II A  !  J.  WAYS    AND    S  'i'  I]  A  M  E II S . 


"  TJie  growtli  of  Boston  and  her  envnons,  has  been  more 
ra[)i(i  during  the  past  ten  years,  than  in  any  previous  de- 
cade. The  South  has  ascribed  her  progress  principally  to 
cotton  mills.  In  common  with  commerce,  the  fisheries,  and 
other  manufactures,  these  have  doubtless  contributed  to  her 
increase  ;  but  the  cotton  business  grew  more  rapidly  in  the 
|)receding  ten  years,  and  is  now  less  important  than  the  man- 
ufactures of  leather." 

"  The  principal  cause  has  undoubtedly  been  the  construction 
of  railways,  and  the  establishment  of  a  semi-monthly  steam 
line  to  Europe.  These  have  given  great  facilities  to  her 
commerce,  enlarged  her  market,  attracted  merchants,  stimula- 
ted every  branch  of  manufacture,  created  a  demand  for 
houses  and  stores,  and  advanced  the  value  of  real  estate. 
September  30th,  1839,  there  were  but  one  hundred  and 
sixty-seven  miles  of  railway  radiating  from  Boston."  In  1851, 
Boston  is  wedded  to  more  than  one  thousand  miles  of  railway 
in  Massachusetts,  more  than  eighteen  hundred  in  the  five 
other  States  of  New  England,  and  six  hundred  and  fifty 
more  in  New  York.  "  In  all,  three  thousand  miles.  In  Sep- 
tember, 1839,  her  railway  horizon  was  bounded  by  Salem, 
Bradford,  Nashua,  and  Providence.  It  now  encircles  a  web 
spreading  over  Massachusetts,  and  extends  to  the  Kennebec, 
the  St.  Lawrence  and  the  Lakes.  This  great  system  of  rail- 
ways has  been  principally  planned  and  directed  by  her  saga- 
city. Boston  invested  largely  in  lines  to  the  North,  and  in 
distant  railways, — the  Michigan  Central,  Mad  River,  Read- 
ing and  Wilmington  ;  and 'she  also  expended  five  millions 
in  an  aqueduct,  and  as  much  more  on  factory  cities.  The 
aqueduct  has  been  in  operation  three  years.  Her  last  invest- 
ments promise  to  be  remunerative,  and  will  briug  with  them 
a  strong  current  of  trade  from  newly  acquired  territory. 
Railroads  have  become  the  great  interest  of  Boston,  and  her 
investment  in  them  exceeds  fifty  millions  of  dollars. 


() 


NAIVlllS,  LLJNC/riJ,  AND  COST,  OF  NEW    I-INGI.AND 

RAILROADS. 


Names  III' Jluilwiiy.'-. 


1 . 

"o 

'13    'fl 

g-s 

£■2 

.ss 

e  u 

—  3 

'£%" 

o 

c 

•i 

'< 

'A 

<  \>-\n. 


MAINE. 

Androscoggin, 

36 

Androscoggin  and  Kennebec, 

55 

$1,021,878 

Atlantic  and  St.  Lawrence, 

70 

86 

1,500,000 

Bangor  and  Piscataquis, 

12 

350,000 

\                       Buckfield  Branch, 

13 

370,000 

\                       Calais  and  Baring, 

6 

100,000 

i                        Kennebec  and  Portland, 

64 

15 

1,000,000 

Machias  Port, 

8 

100,000 

Portland,  Saco  and  Portsmouth, 

62 

1,293,640 

York  and  Cumberland, 

11 

42 

360,000 

NEW    HAMPSHIRE. 

Ashuelot, 

24 

510,000 

Boston,  Concord  and  Montreal, 

7G 

17 

1,567,073 

Cheshire, 

54 

2,584,143 

1                          Cocheco, 

18 

500,000 

\  \                        Concord, 

35 

1,385,788 

^ :                        Concord  and  Claremont, 

26 

24 

560,624 

Contocook  Valley, 

14 

219,450 

Eastern,  (included  in  Eastern 

(Mass.)   Railway  Company, 

operated  by  the  latter  Com- 

i ;                            pany. ) 

1 

Great  Falls, 

3 

$     60,000 

Great  Falls  and  Conway, 

12 

300,000 

Manchester  and  Lawrence, 

20 

717,643 

New  Hampshire  Central, 

26 

600,000 

Northern, 

82 

3,016,634 

Portsmouth  and  Concord, 

23       17 

850,000 

Sullivan, 

25 

673,600 

Wilton, 

11 

600,000 

VERMONT. 

Bennington  Branch, 

6 

»             100,000 

Connecticut  and  Passumpsic, 

60       54 

[          1,600,000 

Rutland  and  Burlington, 

119 

3,455,256 

Rutland  and  Washington, 

10 

250,000 

Troy  and  Rutland, 

5t 

{             650,000 

Vermont  Central, 

115 

6,081,767 

Vermont  and  Canada, 

38 

1,200,000 

Vermont  Valley, 

24 

600,000 

1            Western  Vermont, 

63             530,000 

1                                                                        MASSACHUSETTS. 

Berkshire, 

31 

600,000 

Boston  and  Lowell, 

28 

1,945,647 

Boston  and  Maine, 

83 

4,021,607 

Boston  and  Providence, 

53 

3,516,233 

Boston  and  Worcester, 

69 

4,882,648 

Cape  Cod  Branch, 

29 

626,643 

Connecticut  River, 

62 

1,798,825 

Dorchester  and  Milton, 

3 

128,172 

Eastern,   (including   Eastern 

(N.  H.)  which  is  operated 

by  the  former.) 

76 

3,624,152 

Essex, 

21 

537,869 

Fall  River, 

42 

1,068,167 

Fitchburg, 

66 

3,552,283 

Fitc^ourg  and  Worcester, 

14 

259,074 

Grand  Junction, 

6 

763,844 

i;                         Harvard  Branch, 

1 

26,213 

'                          Lexington  and  West  Cambridge 

^      r 

242,161 

I:                         Lowell  and  Lawrence, 

h2 

333,254 

■i                         Nashua  and  Lowell, 

15 

621,215 

1                         New  Bedford  and  Taunton, 

21 

498,752 

ji                         Newburyport, 

9 

106,825 

Ij                         Norfolk  County, 

20 

1,060,990 

5                          Old  Colony, 

45 

2,293,535 

\                          Ptiterboro'  and  Shirley, 

14 

272,647 

Pittsfield  and  North  Adams, 

18 

443,678 

Providence  and  Worcester, 

43 

1,824,797 

Salem  and  Lowell, 

ir 

316,943 

South  Reading  Branch, 

8 

231,601 

South  Shore, 

11 

420,434 

Stockbridge  and  Pittsfield, 

22 

448,700 

"U 

1                         Stoney  Brook, 

13 

265,527 

1                          Stoughton  Branch, 

4 

93,433 

1                          Taunton  Branch, 

12 

307,136 

Troy  and  Greenfield, 

67 

!  i;                          Vermont  and  Massachusetts, 

77 

3,406,244 

!  1                          Western, 

156 

9,963,709 

i!                          West  Stockbridge, 

3 

41,516 

'                           Worcester  and  Nashua, 

i 

46 

1,410,198 

RHOnK 

ISLAND. 

Plainfield  and  Providence, 
Providence  and  Stonington, 


30 


5C 


2,614,484 


CONNKCTICIIT. 

CoUingsville  Branch,                           11 

275,000 

Hartford  and  New  Haven,                  62 

1,650,000 

Hartford,  Providence  and  Fishkill,     32 

1,500,000 

Housatonic,                                        110 

2,500,000 

Housatonic  Branch,                            11 

275,000 

Middletown  Branch,                            10 

250,000 

Naugatuc,                                            62 

2,000,000 

0 


New  Haven  and  Northampton, 
New  London,  VCillimantic  and 

Palmer, 
New  London  and  New  Haven, 
New  York  and  New  Haven, 
Norwich  and  Worcester, 
Stonington  and  New  London, 

Total  in  Connecticut, 


45 

$1,500,000 

66 

55 

1,250,000 

76 

3,700,085 

66 

10 

2,598,514 

551       65      $17,498,599 


RECAPITULATION. 


J3 


Maine, 

New  Hampshire, 

Vermont, 

Massachusetts, 

Rhode  Island, 

Connecticut, 


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!^ 

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B. 

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s; 

10 
16 

9 
37 

% 
13 


281 
455 
366 
1142 
50 
551 


179 
58 

168 
67 
30 
65 


$6,695,518 
14,145,765 
13,467,013 

51,884,572 

2,614,484 

17,498,599 


87  2845   66  $106,306,941 


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Number  of  Tassengers. 

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Gross  Receipts. 

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oD_^  CO  c^.  o^  p  CO,  — ^  —  p  -t  ci^  p  q  •*  '?!.  CO,  ec^  in_  e>5  —  —  (M_ 
£^'  CO  o\  1^"  co"  -t  of  tc  in"  to'  r>r  or  -t  to'  -.T  ^tT  -^  (n~  oo  in  oo  to" 
-tooi  —  oimi-coi-  —  —  Cit>.inincoco'»'0'toiN 
co_i^  inin'teo'-<o<o»-*oi-N.-.i-i      .-h          ,_,-Hr-i 

r- 

'If 

01 

to 

00 

CO-l'OOOOtO»f5'*COOO-l<iM-<tt^L'5'MO-*  — 

to  00  oi  IT  to  I--  CO  1^  in  CO  -r  -ii  ■*  X  CO  in  (M  Tf>  o 
©.ojo  f-  oj^co^p  p  eo^?:  oc_^oi  « -<^to  — _co  «~ --"^ 
of  to  — '  oi  to"  ■*  GJ  00  r^'  — '  co"  in  ■^  of  in  to"  od  c"  oo" 
CO  —  —  t'ooinoo  —  oitoo".  toootoeo«oiO)o 
co^r-  in-^'^co       <n  oi  -^  ,-t  .^  ^  ,^       ^            _i 

i» 

od" 
o 
o» 
in" 

Names  of  Ruada. 

Western, 

Boston  and  Worcester, 

Bo-^fon  and  Maine,    ... 

E'lstern,     ..... 

Fitcliliurp,           .... 

Boston  and  Providence,    • 

Cheshire,           .... 

Norwich  and  Worcester,    - 

Old  (^)lony,      .... 

Boston  Mul  Lowell,  ... 

Providence  and  Worcester, 

Connet  ticut  liiver,    - 

J<"all  River.         .... 

Nashua  and  Lowell,  - 

Cape  (^od,         .        -        .        . 

New  Bedford  and  Taunton, 

Pittsfield  anil  North  Adams, 

LoAvell  and  Lawrence, 

Taunton  Branch, 

Vermont  and  Massachusetts, 

Worcester  and  Nashua,     - 

Noifolk  County, 

Salem  and  Lowell,    -         -         - 

Fitchltr.ry;  and  Worcester, 

South  Heading  Branch,     - 

1 

1 
I 

• 

1 

•*  CO 

00 

oo" 

o 

CO 

eo" 

00 
00 

eo" 

eo 

CO, 

21  431 
9,124 

00 

§ 

1^ 

to 

oo" 

o 

04 

Ift" 

11 


8  T  E  A  M  E  R  S 


"The  following  tables,  carefully  prepared  from  official  doc- 
uments, will  show  tlie  amount  of  freight  business,  which  has 
been  done  by  the  British  Canard  line  of  Steamships,  from  the 
time  when  the  line  commenced  running  to  Boston,  in  1840, 
to  the  first  of  January  last." 

"  The  original  design  contemplated  little  beyond  the  trans- 
portation of  the  mails  and  passengers.  Hence,  the  freights 
were  very  small  during  the  first  year,  and  the  duties  trifling. 
From  the  small  amount  paid  in  1840,  namely,  2,928  dollars, 
the  duties  have  swelled  to  1,322,383  dollars, — the  amount 
paid  last  year.  The  smallest  amount  ever  paid  by  any  one 
steamer,  was  29  dollars  and  38  cents  only,  by  the  Acadia,  on 
her  first  trip  in  1840.  The  largest  amount  was  paid  by  the 
America,  in  February,  1850,  namely,  217,483  dollars.  There 
have  been  eight  arrivals  which  paid  over  100,000  dollars 
and  three  which  have  paid  over  200,000  dollars  each.  The 
Hibernia,  the  Cambria,  and  the  Caledonia,  have  each  paid 
over  a  million  of  dollars  revenue  to  the  government.  It  is 
probable  that  during  the  whole  time,  the  steamers  have  brought 
to  Boston,  12,000  passengers." 

TABLE, 

Showing  the  number  of  trips  made  by  each  steamer  annu- 
ally, from  1840  to  1851,  and  the  amount  of  duties  paid  by 
each,  during  the  year. 


Duties  I'aid. 


Year. 


No.  of  Trips. 


Amounts 


By  the  Acadia,  1840, 

Britannia, 
Caledonia, 

Acadia,  1841, 

Britannia, 


3 
3 
2 
5 
5 


$1,473.06 

864.17 

691.76 

21,312.94 

14,692.32 


12 


Duties  Pftid. 

Year. 

No.  of  Trips. 

Amount. 

By  the  Caledonia, 

1841, 

5 

$16,925.37 

Columbia, 

6 

20,978.60 

Acadia, 

1842, 

4 

21,417.48 

Britannia, 

6 

46,415.32 

Caledonia, 

4 

23,492.65 

Columbia, 

4 

29,649.22 

Acadia, 

1843, 

5 

133,617.53 

Britannia, 

3 

103,817.84 

Caledonia, 

o 

132,845.24 

Columbia, 

• 

2 

33,932.11 

Hibernia, 

5 

236,359.33 

Acadia, 

1844, 

5 

198,511.04 

1                                    Britannia, 

5 

186,289.29 

1                                    Caledonia, 
1                                     Hibernia, 

5 

172,900.68 

5 

358,497.29 

1                                    Acadia, 

1845, 

2 

93,510.05 

Britannia, 

4 

152,262.38 

1                                    Caledonia, 
1                                    Cambria, 

4 

127,547.78 

6 

361,598.42 

1                                     Hibernia, 

4 

288,074.12 

i|;                                    Acadia, 

1846, 

1 

26,860.36 

1                                      Britannia, 

4 

149,351.23 

^                                    Caledonia, 

5 

171,701.50 

]                                     Cambria, 

5 

351,679.23 

Hibernia, 

5 

348,139.34 

1                                     Acadia, 

1847, 

1 

37,546.12 

Britannia, 

4 

161,910.70 

';                                     Caledonia, 

4 

146,164.07 

\                                   Cambria, 

8 

382,946.35 

1                                    Hibernia, 

6 

471,404.54 

Acadia, 

1848, 

5 

134,963.59 

Britannia, 

4 

105,627.12 

Caledonia, 

3 

79,312.83 

Cambria, 

2 

70,473.14 

Hibernia, 

2 

71,954.31 

13 


Duties  Paid. 

Year, 

No.  of  Trips. 

Amount. 

By  the  Niagara, 

4 

$142,930.06 

America, 

1 

15,200.60 

Eiiropa, 

1 

28,716.85 

America, 

1849, 

4 

252,791.93 

Caledonia, 

5 

138,180.56 

Cambria, 

4 

199,789.97 

Canada, 

1 

40,426.91 

Hibernia, 

2 

62,522.08 

Niagara, 

2 

172,034.27 

Europa, 

4 

95,962.79 

America, 

1850, 

4 

380,980.95 

Asia, 

2 

131,827.20 

Cambria, 

3 

81,275.75 

Canada, 

4 

93,492.15 

Hibernia, 

3 

83,432.10 

Niagara, 

3 

444,795.65 

Europ?, 

2 

106,579.50 

SUMMARY  OF  THE  FOREGOING  TABLE. 


Year. 

Trips  Made. 

Duties  Paid. 

In  1840, 

8 

$  2,928.99 

In  1841, 

21 

73,809.23 

In  1842, 

18 

120,974.67 

In  1843, 

20 

640,572.05 

In  1844, 

20 

916,198.30 

In  1845, 

20 

1,022,992.75 

In  1846, 

20 

1,047,731.75 

In  1847, 

20 

1,199,971.78 

In  1848, 

22 

649,178.50 

In  1849, 

22 

961,708.51 

In  1850, 

21 
212 

1,322,383.30 

$7,958,449.83 

14 


3,225 

3,300 

3,620 

3,870 

4,150 

4,333 

2,900  miles 

3,226 

(( 

3,100 

iC 

3,421 

l( 

TABLE    OF    DISTANCES. 

FROM   LIVERPOOL,    VIA    HALIFAX. 

To  Halifax  by  Steamer,  -        -         .         2,500  miles. 

Quebec  (via  proposed  Railroad  from  Halifax)    3,135     " 
Melbourne,  _         .         _        _         . 

Montreal,      ------ 

Toronto,       ------ 

Detroit,         ---___ 
Chicago,       ------ 

Galena,         ------ 

FROM     LIVERPOOL,    VIA    BOSTON. 


To  Boston  by  Steamer,      -         -         -         _ 
Montreal  by  Railroad  from  Boston, 
Albany  "  «         " 

Buffalo,  by  Railroad  from  Albany, 
Detroit,  through  Rochester,  Niagara  and 

London,  (C.  \V.)      -        -         -         - 
Cleveland,  by  Railroad  through  Albany, 

and  Buffalo,    -        -         -         -         - 

Chicago,  via  Cleveland,  -        -         _ 

Galena,         ------ 

Cincinnati,  via  Buffalo,   Cleveland  and 

Columbus,       -         -        -        _         - 
St.  Louis,  via  Cleveland,   Bellefontaine 

and  Indianapolis,      -        -         -         - 

FROM   LIVERPOOL,    VIA    NEW    YORK. 

To  New  York  by  Steamer,        -        _        - 
Albany,  (by  Hudson  River  Railroad) 
Montreal,  by  shortest  proposed  route, 
Buffalo,  via  Albany,      -        -        -         - 
Detroit,  via  Albany,  Niagara  and  London 
(C.  W.) 


3,671     " 


3,596     " 


K 


3,947 


4,130     « 


3,852     « 


4,097    « 


3,100  miles. 
3,244     " 
3,475     " 
3,565 


(( 


3,815 


15 


To  Cleveland,  via  Philadelphia  and  Pittsburg 

(shortest  route,)       -        -        -        -        3,683  miles. 

Chicago,  via  Cleveland,  -        -        -        4,034    " 

Galena, 4,217     " 

Cincinnati,  via  Philadelphia,  and  propos- 
ed Railroad  through  Wheeling,  be- 
tween Pittsburg  and  Columbus,         -         3,854    " 

St.  Louis,  via  Pittsburg  and  Bellefon- 

taine, 4,139    " 

Note.  In  the  Eeport  to  the  Stockholders  of  the  East  Boston  Company,  re- 
ceived after  tlie  above  table  was  prepared,  the  Agent  of  the  Cunard  line  of  Steam- 
ships, gives  the  distances  from  Liverpool,  by  Steamer,  as  follows,  viz: 

To  Halifax, 2,508  miles. 

To  Boston,  direct, 2,856  miles. 

To  New  York,  direct, 3,073  miles. 

Were  these  distances  ailopted,  instead  of  those  in  the  table,  the  comparison 
■would  be  still  more  favorable  to  Boston. 


The  following  statistics  were  taken  by  the  Day  and  Night 
Police  force,  on  Saturday,  September  6th,  1S51,  under  the 
direction  of  the  City  Marshal.  The  force,  consisting  of  55 
men,  was  stationed  at  6J  o'clock,  A.  M.,and  continued  with- 
out intermission  to  keep  regular  count,  until  7^  P.  M. 

The  vehicles  which  entered  the  City  by  the  various  routes 
not  including  those  that  came  from  East  or  South  Boston, 
numbered  6,626.     The  number  that  went  out,  7,063. 

The  number  of  Railway  Passenger  Trains,  which  entered 
the  City,  was  116.  The  number  that  went  out,  120.  The 
number  of  Freight  Trains,  which  entered,  was  39.  The 
number  that  went  out,  38.  Total  Passenger  and  Freight 
Trains,  313. 

41,729  persons  came  into  the  City,  and  42,313  persons 
Avent  out.  as  folio w.«  : 


1() 


CAME    IX. 

WENT   OCT 

By  Passenger  Trains, 

11,963 

12,952 

Freight  Trains, 

308 

307 

Vehicles, 

14,942 

15,964 

On  Foot, 

14,311J 

12,887 

On  Horseback, 

127 

124 

With  Handcarts,    - 

79 

79 

Total, 


42,313  persons.  41,729  persons. 


FOREIGN   COMMERCE. 


SHIPPING  OF  BOSTON.— TONNAGE. 


l-EAE. 

REGISTERED. 

ENROLLED. 

TOTAL. 

1842 

157,116 

36.385 

193,502 

1843 

165,482 

37,116 

202  599 

1844 

175,330 

35,554 

210,885 

1845 

187,812 

37,290 

228,103 

1846 

192,879 

42,185 

235,064 

1847 

210,775 

44.038 

254,812 

1848 

232,769 

45.100 

277,869 

1849 

247,336 

45,123 

2'»2,459 

1850 

270,710 

42,482 

313,192 

17 


FISHERIES. 

Ill  1849,  204,000  barrels  of  Whale  and  Sperm  Oil,  three- 
fifths  of  the  entire  Fishery  of  the  Union,  were  brought 
into  Massachusetts;  also,  231,856  barrels  of  Mackerel.  A 
large  portion  of  these  imports  find  their  way  to  Boston. 

For  more  than  a  century,  Boston  has  been  the  chief  mart 
for  the  sale  of  dried  Fish,  and  a  large  proportion  of  the  Fish- 
ermen engaged  in  both  the  Cod  and  Mackerel  fishery,  resort 
to  Boston,  for  outfits  and  sales. 

CATTLE  TRADE. 

Large  sales  of  Live  Stock  are  made  weekly  at  Brighton, 
near  Boston,  brought  principally  from  other  States  by  Rail- 
way. Many  Horses  are  also  brought  by  the  same  convey- 
ance.   Cattle  are  killed  in  the  environs. 


Sales  at  Brighton  for  1849. 


Beef  Cattle, 
Store  Cattle, 
Sheep,   -    - 
Swine,  -    - 


46,465 

20,085 

148,965 

80,120 


Amount  of  sales. 


(I 


Total  Value, 


$1,765,670 
482,040 
297,910 
430,645 

$2,976,265 


Another  large  Market  for  Cattle  and  other  Live  Stock,  is 
now  held  weekly  at  Cambridge.  The  Live  Stock  offered 
for  sale  at  this  Market  for  1849  was  as  follows, — 56,144 
Cattle,  168,224  Sheep,  7,678  Swine,  and  1,245  Horses. 

Large  quantities  of  Pork  in  bulk  are  in  the  winter  convey- 
ed by  railway  to  Boston  from  the  interior  of  New  York.  In 
the  year  ending  September  1,  1850,  37,778  whole  hogs  were 
thus-  transported. 


m- 


IN 


EXPANSION  OF  BOSTON. 


a 


A  peninsula  less  than  one  square  mile  in  extent  was  soon 
found  insufficient  for  Boston  ;  and  the  State  annexed  to  her 
Dorchester  Point,  a  peninsula  containing  six  hundred  acres. 
To  this  she  is  wedded  by  four  bridges.  At  a  latter  period, 
ferries  were  established  to  Noddle's  Island,  an  area  of  six 
hundred  acres,  and  this  island  now  forms  a  ward  of  the  city. 
Some  hundred  acres  have  also  been  reclaimed  from  the  sea  ; 
but  these  narrow  limits,  less  than  two  miles  square,  prove  en- 
tirely inadequate,  and  have  been  long  exceeded." 

"  The  population  of  Boston  outside  of  her  chartered  limits, 
already  equals  the  population  within.  We  should  do  injus- 
tice to  Boston,  were  we  to  confine  her  to  such  narrow 
bounds,  or  within  such  arbitrary  lines.  Her  true  limits  as  a 
commercial  metropolis,  are  those  marked  out  by  her  business 
men  for  their  stores,  piers,  shops  and  dwellings — the  space 
occupied  by  those  who  resort  daily  to  her  banks  and  ware- 
houses, or  meet  at  her  exchange.  How  is  it  with  her  sister 
cities  ?  Philadelphia,  by  the  last  census,  embraced  within 
her  chartered  limits  less  than  half  her  inhabitants  ;  the  resi- 
due were  diffused  through  the  extensive  districts  of  Spring 
Garden,  Moyamensing,  and  Northern  Liberties.  She  virtu- 
ally extends,  under  different  charters,  from  Richmond,  six 
miles  down  the  Delaware." 

"New  York  reaches  fourteen  miles  from  King's  Bridge  to 
the  Battery." 

"  New  Orleans  embraces  three  distinct  municipalities,  on 
the  crescent  of  the  Mississippi." 

"  London,  the  queen  of  commerce,  contains  but  six  hundred 
acres,  and  less  than  one  hundred  and  thirty  thousand  people 
in  her  chartered  limits ;  but  her  streets  stretch  eight  miles  on 
the  Thames.  Within  her  metropolitan  districts  are  eighteen 
square  miles  of  buildings  and  three  millions  of  people." 


19 


'•  Boston,  with  less  scope  than  New  York,  has,  like  New  Or- 
leans, Philadelphia  and  London,  overslept  her  sea  girt  isles. 
She  has  attached  herself  to  the  main  by  one  wide  natural 
avenue,  the  Neck,  paved  and  planted  with  trees  ;  by  one 
granite  structure,  the  Western  Avenue,  a  mile  and  a  half  in 
length,-  by  six  bridges,  seven  railways,  and  three  ferries,  one 
terminating  in  a  railway.  Seven  railways  branch  into  six- 
teen, and  ten  avenues  divide  into  thirty  within  the  first  nine 
miles  from  her  Exchange.  These  diverge  like  a  fan,  and  on 
the  streets  thus  made  is  found  a  large  population  under  sep- 
arate municipalities.  As  land  rises  in  value,  hotels,  offices, 
and  blocks  of  stores  usurp  the  place  of  dwellings.  The  old 
residents,  leaving  the  low  and  reclaimed  land  to  foreign 
laborers,  plant  themselves  in  the  suburbs.  There  they  build 
tasteful  houses,  with  flower  plats  and  gardens  ;  availing  of 
the  frequent  omnibuses,  or  of  special  trains,  run  almost  hourly, 
and  commuting  for  passage  at  $20  to  $40  a  year,  they  reach 
their  stores  and  offices  in  the  morning,  and  at  night  sleep 
with  their  wives  and  children  in  the  suburbs.  No  time  is 
lost,  for  they  read  the  morning  and  evening  journals  as  they 
go  and  return.  Some  of  the  wards  appropriate  for  stores 
thus  rise  in  value,  but  diminish  in  population.  The  suburbs 
extend,  and  the  commercial  community  grows  in  a  widening 
semicircle." 

Dr.  Lardner  well  remarks  in  his  late  treatise  on  railways, 
"  The  population  of  a  great  capital  is  condensed  into  a  small 
compass,  by  the  difficulty  and  inconvenience  of  passing  over 
long  distances  ;  hence  has  arisen  the  densely  populated  state 
of  great  cities  like  London  and  Paris.  If  the  speed,  by  which 
persons  can  be  transported  from  place  to  place  be  doubled,  the 
same  population  can,  without  inconvenience,  be  spread  over 
four  times  the  area  ;  if  the  speed  be  tripled,  it  may  occupy 
nine  times  the  area." 

"Boston,  the  first  of  our  American  cities  to  adopt  improved 
modes  of  locomotion — instance  her  early  Stages,  her  Middlesex 
Canal,  and  Q,uincy  Railway, — is  entitled  to  avail  of  these 
laws  of  science,  and  in  computing  her  population  and  wealth, 


20 


should  embrace  the  surrounding  districts  within  nine  miles, 
or  half  an  hour's  distance,  c(inival(Mit  to  a  two  miles'  walk 
from  her  exchanj^e." 


TABLE  or  INCREASE  OF  POPULATION  AND  WEALTH  OF  BOS- 
TON AND  VICINITY. 

The  following  table  exhibits  the  population  and  wealth 
of  the  metropolitan  district  of  Boston,  by  the  census  and 
valuation  of  1850  and  1840,  with  the  growth  of  each. 

This  district  is  sixteen  miles  in  length,  by  nine  and  a 
half  average  width ;  about  one  fourth  of  it  is  occupied  by 
water,  marsh,  or  rocky  hills,  too  steep  for  building. 






Populn- 

Popula- 

Popula- 

—- — 

Distance 

tiun  by 

tion  by 

tion  by 

Assessed  Valu- 

Assesned  Valu- 

Name of  District. 

from  Ex- 

State 

U.  States 

State 

iition,  1840. 

ation,  1850. 

clmngo. 

Census, 

Census, 

Census, 

1840. 

1840. 

1850. 

Boston, 

83,979 

93,383 

138,788 

S  94,581,600 

$  179,525,000 

Roxbury, 

2 

8,310 

9,087 

18,316 

3.257,503 

13,712,800 

Charlestown, 

2 

10,872 

11,484 

15,933 

4.033,176 

8,862,250 

Cambridge, 

3 

8,127 

8,409 

14,825 

4  479,501 

11,4.14,458 

Brooklinc, 

.') 

1,123 

1,365 

2,353 

743,963 

5,3t>2,000 

Chelsea, 

3 

2,182 

2,390 

6,151 

696.781 

3,472,650 

Dorchester, 

4 

4,458 

4,875 

7,578 

1,691,24.''. 

7,199,750 

Maiden, 

4 

3,027 

3,351 

5,017 

586,136 

1,461,436 

Medford, 

4 

2,275 

2,478 

3.581 

1,095,195 

2,128,470 

Brighton, 

5 

1,405 

1,425 

2,253 

458,485 

1,146,212 

Sonierville, 

5 

new 

now 

.3,110 

new 

2,778,125 

West  Cambridge, 

.5 

1,338 

1,363 

2,120 

472,423 

2,330,281 

North  Chelsea, 

.5 

new 

neSv 

819 

new 

772,000 

Melrose, 

5 

new 

new 

1,190 

new 

483,419 

Watcrtown, 

f) 

1,896 

1,810 

2,592 

973,835 

2,614,100 

Winchester, 

G 

new 

new 

1,320 

new 

866,432 

Stoneham, 

G 

1,007 

1,017 

2,043 

217,960 

539,000 

Milton, 

1 

1,684 

1,822 

2,222 

663,247 

1,200,800 

Woburn, 

7 

2,931 

2,993 

3,788 

987,388 

2,241.144 

Quincy, 

8 

3,309 

3,486 

4,958 

912,105 

2,200,000 

Saugus, 

8 

1.212 

1,098 

1,505 

208,856 

359,305 

Dcdhaiu, 

\) 

3,157 

3.290 

4,379 

1,218,.548 

3,509,180 

Newton, 

<) 

3,027 

3,351 

5,017 

897,255 

3,793,083 

Waltham, 

9 

2,593 

2,504 

4,483 

1,069,171 

2,973,750 

Lexington, 

9 

1,559 

1,642 

1,920 

561,549 

1,469,551 

Lynn, 

9 

9,075 
158,546 

9,367 
'  171,992 

13,613 
269,874 

1,319,656 
$120,114,574 

4,191,648 

$  266.646,844 

BOS- 


21 

CITY    TAXES. 

The  Amount  Assessed  for  Taxos  has  been  as  follows 


YKAR9. 

AMOUVT   OF     TAX 

IIATK  on 

I'nOl'KUTV     AH8KS8K1). 

ASSKSMICI).* 

!?  1,000. 

1840 

{15546,742 

$'5.50 

$94,581,600 

1841 

016,412 

6.00 

98,006,600 

1842 

637,779 

5.70 

105,723,700 

1843 

712,379 

6.20 

110,056,000 

1844 

744,210 

6.00 

118,460,300 

1846 

811,338 

6.70 

136,948,700 

1846 

931,998 

6.90 

141,839,600 

1847 

1,014,674 

6.00 

162,360,400 

1848 

1,131,821 

6.50 

167,728,000 

1849 

1,174,715 

6.50 

174,180,200 

1850 

1,236.030 

6.80 

179,525,000 

18611 

1,350,000 

7.00 

187,000,000 

*Thc  amount  of  tax  assessed  includes  the  Poll  Tax.         tApproximotcly. 


Number  of  Polls,  and  State  Valuation  of  Personal  and  Real 
Estate  in  Massachusetts,  for  the   years  1840  and  1850. 


COUNTIES. 


VALUATION  oy  1840. 


POLLS. 


rnoi'EnxY. 


Suffolk, 

Essex, 

Middlesex, 

Worcester, 

Hampshire 

Hami)den, 

Franklin, 

Berkshire, 

Norfolk, 

Bristol, 

Plymouth, 

Barnstable, 

Dukes  Co., 

Nantucket, 


19,078 

24,006 

28,045 

25,859 

7,934 

9,935 

7,600 

10,911 

14,041 

14,821 

12,140 

8,002 

1,104 

2,532 


110,000,000. 

31,110,204. 

37,592,082, 

29,804,316, 

7,298,351, 

10,188,423, 

6,548,694 

9,546,926, 

15,522,527 

19,493,685, 

19,694,719 

4,896,683 

1,107,343 

6,074,374 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 
71 
00 
76 
,00 
84 
00 
00 
00 
00 


VALUATION   OF    1830. 


POLLS. 


33,705 

30,816 

39,819 

34,o71 

8,855 

13,439 

7,866 

12,264 

19,630 

18,382 

14,410 

8,1C-1 

1,162 

2,019 


rUOP'^RTT. 


$217,587,172.00 
56,556,466.89 
83,264,719.60 
55,497,794.00 
13,331,240.00 
22,621,220.77 
11,211,309.00 
17,197,607.00 
47,034,521.56 
39,243,560.00 
19,200,668.00 
8,897,349.74 
1,698,00.5.00 
4,595,362.00 


Total,     185,908  $299,878,329.31 246,142'$597,936,995.46 


22 


MANUFACTURES  OF  MASSACHUSETTS. 


The  products  of  the  principal  branches  in 
Miscellaneous,       _  -  -  - 

Boots,  Shoes  and  Leather, 
Cotton  Goods,  (817,473  spindles) 
Woolen  and  Worsted  Goods, 
Manufactures  of  Wood  including  ships  and 

carriages,  _  _  _  _ 

Manufactures  of  Metals,  Tools,  &c., 
Oil,  Candles  and  Soap, 
Hats,  Caps  and  Bonnets,   -  -  - 

Paper,       -  -  -  -  - 

Cordage,  -  -  -  -  - 

Glass,        -  -  -  -  _ 

Total,       ...  -  - 


1845  were, — 

^19,357,000 

18,635,000 

12,193,000 

10,366,000 

11,596,000 
8,024,000 
4,931,000 
2,384,000 
1,750,000 
906,000 
758,000 


$91,000,000 


No  valuation  of  the  v  ame  products  has  been  tak^n  since 
1845,  but  it  is  believed  their  increase  since  that  time,  is  not 
less  than  30  per  cent. 


23 


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•24 


Statement  of  the  aggregate  value  of  Imports  into  the 
United  States  from  Canada,  as  entered  in  the  Cnstom  House 
Books,  at  the  following  ports  of  entry,  for  the  year  ending 
December  31st,  1850. 


District  and  Port  of  Chicago,  _        _        - 

District  and  Port  of  Detroit,  -         -        -         - 
District  of  Miami  and  Port  of  Toledo,     - 
District  and  Port  of  Sandusky,        -        -        - 
District  of  Cuyahoga  and  Port  of  Cleveland,    - 
District  of  Presque  Isle  and  Port  of  Erie, 
District  and  Port  of  Buffalo  Creek, 
District  of  Niagara  and  Port  of  Lewiston, 
District  of  Genesee  and  Port  of  Rochester, 
District  and  Port  of  Oswego,  -         _         - 

District  and  Port  of  Sackett's  Harbor,     - 
District  and  Port  of  Cape  Vincent, 
District  of  Oswegatchie  and  Port  of  Ogdens- 

burg, 

District  of  Champlain  and  Port  of  Plattsburg, 

District  of  Vermont  and  Port  of  Burlington,     - 

District  of  Bath,  in  Maine,  including  line  of 

Canada  Railroad,       ----- 

Total, 


$     4,345 

103,556 

16,771 

31,452 

237,177 

2,831 

446,900 

61,807 

100,189 

2,087,622 

26,137 

53,079 

211,925 
314,555 
821,094 

4,866 
$4,524,306 


COMMERCE  OF  CANADA,  1850. 


EXPORTS. 

IMPORTS. 

Great  Britain, 

North  American  Colonies,    . 
British  West  Indies,    .... 
United  Stages  of  America,    . 
Other  Foreign  Countries,  .  . 

$  6,085,119.05 

808,776.25 

8,376.00 

4,951.159.58 

108,281.27 

$  9,631,920.80 

385,619.90 

4,451.85 

6,594,860.48 

365,216.67 

Total, 

.*1L961  712  15 

$16,982,068.70 

^ 


25 


.67 


CONCLUSIONS  AND  SUMMARY  STATEMENTS. 

An  inspection  of  the  foregoing  tables  and  statements,  will 
show  that  Massachusetts  has,  up  to  this  time,  constructed 
1,150  miles  of  Railroad  at  a  cost  of  $52,000,000;  and  the 
other  New  England  States  have  constructed  over  1,700  miles 
more,  at  a  cost  of  $55,000,000.  To  these  might  be  added 
the  Northern  N.  Y.  (or  Ogdensburg)  Railroad,  which  is  virtu- 
ally a  New  England  road,  making  a  total  of  about  3,000  miles 
of  Railroad,  constructed  at  a  cost  of  upwards  of  $110,000,000. 

The  gross  earnings  in  1850  of  all  the  Railroads  in  Massa- 
chusetts, and  of  those  that  are  partly  in  Massachusetts  and 
partly  in  adjoining  States,  were  $6,903,328.  The  net  earn- 
ings during  the  same  time,  were  $3,480,347.  The  cost  of 
these  Roads  was  $53,264,000.  The  net  income  was  there- 
fore more  than  6  per  cent,  on  the  total  cost. 

The  number  of  passengers  transported  over  these  Roads 
during  the  same  time  was  8,973.681,  which  gives  an  average 
of  28,761  a  day  for  312  days. 

The  annual  amount  of  duties  paid  on  freight  brought  by 
the  Cunard  Steamers  to  Boston,  shows  a  constant  yearly  in- 
crease from  $73,809,  in  1841,  to  $1,322,383,  in  1850,  except 
for  the  year  1848,  when  the  New  York  freight  by  the  Steam- 
ers ceased  to  pass  through  Boston,  and  the  amount  of  duties 
declined  from  $1,199,972  to  $649,178. 

Assumin  ^  Liverpool  as  the  starting  point  from  Europe,  for 
the  trade  of  the  Canadas  and  the  Great  West,  the  "  Table  of 
Distances  "  shows  that  Boston  is  on  the  shortest  route,  for  a 
very  extensive  territory,  including  the  cities  of  Montreal,  Al- 
bany, BuUalo,  Cleveland,  Kingston,  Toronto,  Detroit,  Chica- 
go, St.  Louis  and  Galena.  If  the  exact  distances  across  the 
Atlantic  given  by  the  Agent  of  the  Cunard  Line,  and  the  im- 
provements they  are  making  between  Albany  and  Buffalo,  by 
which  it  is  said  the  present  travelled  route  will  be  shortened 
30  miles,  even  Cincinnati  will  be  50  miles  nearer  Liverpool 
through  Boston,  than  through  any  other  important  seaport. 


26 


)'!:      1 


m 


If  Cincinnati  be  nearer,  it  follows  that  every  other  point  be- 
low on  the  Ohio  River  must  be.  These  are  natural  advan- 
tages, which  an  accurate  knowledge  of  the  geographical  posi- 
tion of  Boston,  and  of  the  topographical  features  of  the  terri- 
tory embraced  in  this  comparison,  will  show,  can  never  be 
taken  from  this  City. 

As  Steamers  on  the  Ocean,  and  Railways  on  Land,  are 
now  the  modes  which  must  be  adopted  by  all  who  would 
compete  successfully  for  the  commerce  of  Great  Britain,  and 
this  Country,  nothing  but  a  failure  of  that  enterprize  which 
has  ever  characterized  this  City,  can  prevent  Boston  from  se- 
curing her  full  share. 

The  Foreign  Commerce  of  Boston,  including  exports  and 
imports,  has  increased  from  $19,859,817  in  1842,  to  $39,241,- 
682  iL  1860.  Its  Shipping  increased  during  the  same  time 
from  193,502  tons  to  312,192  tons. 

The  expansion  and  growth  of  population  and  wealth  of 
Boston,  and  the  neighboring  towns  in  which  the  families  of 
so  many  of  her  business  men  reside,  has  been  very  remark- 
able during  the  last  ten  years.  In  1840,  the  population  of 
this  district  was,  by  the  State  Census,  158,546  ;  by  the  same 
Census  in  1850,  it  was  269,874.  The  assessed  valuation  in 
1840  was  1120,114,574,  in  1850  it  was  |266,646,844.  This 
population  and  wealth  must  preserve  to  Boston  her  station 
among  the  three  first  cities  of  the  Union. 

The  rapid  growth  of  Boston  and  vicinity  has  not  been  at 
the  expense  of  the  rest  of  the  State  ;  for  the  population  of 
Massachusetts  has  increased  from  737,700  in  1840  to  94,8665 
in  1850,  by  the  U.  S.  Census  ;  and  her  property  valuation 
from  $229,828,399  to  $507,936,995,  or  about  double. 

The  imports  from  Canada,  by  Inland  Ports  into  this  Coun- 
try, have  increased  in  value  from  $5,204  in  1840  to  1,860,636, 
for  three  quarters  of  1850,  or  to  about  $2,500,000  per  annum. 
If  this  remarkable  increase  took  place  before  our  Railway 
system  reached  the  Canadas,  what  may  not  be  expected  now 
that  it  is  completed  and  in  operation  both  to  Montreal  and  to 
Ogdensburg  ? 


27 


On  the  accompanying  map  will  be  found  a  plan  of  **  Bos- 
ton Harbor  and  Railroad  Termini."  An  inspection  of  it  will 
show  how  all  the  Railroads  entering  the  City,  have  been,  or 
may  be,  connected  by  means  of  the  Grand  Junction  Railroad, 
and  the  proposed  Horse  Track  along  the  heads  of  the  wharves 
in  the  City  Proper.  As  the  increasing  commerce  of  the  City 
will  require  enlarged  wharf  facilities,  this  plan  will  show  the 
extent  of  water  front,  partially  or  wholly  unoccupied,  in  South 
and  East  Boston,  in  both  of  which  it  is  proposed  to  extend 
greatly  the  lines  of  wharves  and  docks,  so  that  the  accommo- 
dations for  shipping  may  be  kept  equal  to  the  greatest  proba- 
ble demand.  The  Harbor  of  Boston  has  sufficient  water  front 
susceptible  of  improvement,  to  accommodate  all  the  shipping 
of  the  Union. 


RAILROAD  CELEBRATION 

Upon  the  completion  of  the  various  lives  of  Railway,  which 
connect  the  Canadas  and  the  Great  West,  with  the  Tide 
Water  at  Boston. 


Names  of  the  Special  Committee  of  the  City  Council. 
From  the  Board  of  Mayor  and  Aldermen, 


Hon.  John  P.  Bigelow, 
Messrs.  Henry  B.  Rogers, 
Billings  Briggs, 
Moses  Grant, 
Henry  M.  Holbrook, 


Messrs.  Abel  B.  Munroe, 
Moses  Kimball, 
Calvin  W.  Clark, 
Benjamin  Smith, 


A" 


of  Ward  1. 

(( 

»     2. 

(( 

"     3. 

(( 

"     4. 

(( 

"     6. 

« 

"     6. 

(t 

"     7. 

(( 

"     8. 

It 

"     9. 

i( 

«  10. 

(( 

«  11. 

(( 

"  12. 

(( 

"  10. 

28 


From  the  Common  Council. 

Francis  Brinley,  Esq.,  President. 
Messrs.  Charles  H.  Stearns, 

James  B.  Allen,       -  -  .  - 

Hiram  Bosworth,     -  -  -  - 

Henry  J.  Gardner,    -  -  -  - 

Benjamin  Beal,        .  -  -  . 

John  P.  Putnam,     -  -  -  - 

James  W.  Sever,      -  -  -  - 

Daniel  N.  Haskell,  -  -  -  - 

Newell  A.  Thompson,  -  -  - 

Ezra  Lincoln,          _  -  -  _ 

Albert  T.  Minot,     -  -  -  - 

Josiah  Dunham,  Jr.,  -  -  - 

Otis  Kimball,          -  _  _  . 


List  of  Sub-Committees. 

Committee  on  Circular.— Aldeiman.  Rogers — Messrs.  Sever 
and  Putnam. 

To  arrange  for  a  meeting  of  the  Merchants.  Alderman  Hol- 
brook — Messrs.  Sever  and  Gardner. 

On  Invitation  and  Reception.  The  Mayor — President  of 
the  Common  Council,  Aldermen  Holbrook  and  Briggs — 
Messrs.  Lincoln,  Putnam,  Haskell,  Minot,  Thompson,  Se- 
ver, Kimball. 

On  Escort.  Aldermen  Kimball  and  Munroe — Messrs.  Brin- 
ley, Dunham,  Stearns,  Beal,  Allen,  Haskell. 

On  Dinner.  The  Mayor — Aldermen  Smith  and  Munroe — 
Messrs.  Thompson,  Beal,  Allen  and  Dunham.     ' 

<"  Railroad  Maps.  Alderman  Kimball — Messrs.  Lincoln 
-^.d  Minot. 

Hai  bor  Excursion.  The  Mayor — Alderman  Grant — Messrs. 
Gardner,  Kimball,  Bosworth,  Lincoln  and  Beal. 

Fire  Works.  Aldermen  Briggs  and  Clark — Messrs.  Haskell, 
Lincoln  and  Thompson. 

Visit  to  Institutions.     The  whole  Committee. 


Ward  1. 

"  2. 

«  3. 

«  4. 

"  5. 

"  6. 

«  7. 

"  8. 

"  9. 

"  10. 

"  11. 

"  12. 

"  10. 


ssrs.  Sever 
rman  Hol- 

esideiit  of 

:  Briggs— 
npson,  Se- 

jssrs.  Brin- 

Munroe — 

s.  Lincoln 

t — Messrs. 

s.  Haskell| 


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